// Copyright 2018-2024 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
// This module is browser compatible.

import { assert } from "jsr:/@std/assert@^0.215.0/assert";
import { copy } from "jsr:/@std/bytes@^0.215.0/copy";
import type { Reader, ReaderSync, Writer, WriterSync } from "./types.ts";

// MIN_READ is the minimum ArrayBuffer size passed to a read call by
// buffer.ReadFrom. As long as the Buffer has at least MIN_READ bytes beyond
// what is required to hold the contents of r, readFrom() will not grow the
// underlying buffer.
const MIN_READ = 32 * 1024;
const MAX_SIZE = 2 ** 32 - 2;

/** A variable-sized buffer of bytes with `read()` and `write()` methods.
 *
 * Buffer is almost always used with some I/O like files and sockets. It allows
 * one to buffer up a download from a socket. Buffer grows and shrinks as
 * necessary.
 *
 * Buffer is NOT the same thing as Node's Buffer. Node's Buffer was created in
 * 2009 before JavaScript had the concept of ArrayBuffers. It's simply a
 * non-standard ArrayBuffer.
 *
 * ArrayBuffer is a fixed memory allocation. Buffer is implemented on top of
 * ArrayBuffer.
 *
 * Based on {@link https://golang.org/pkg/bytes/#Buffer | Go Buffer}.
 */

export class Buffer implements Writer, WriterSync, Reader, ReaderSync {
  #buf: Uint8Array; // contents are the bytes buf[off : len(buf)]
  #off = 0; // read at buf[off], write at buf[buf.byteLength]

  constructor(ab?: ArrayBufferLike | ArrayLike<number>) {
    this.#buf = ab === undefined ? new Uint8Array(0) : new Uint8Array(ab);
  }

  /** Returns a slice holding the unread portion of the buffer.
   *
   * The slice is valid for use only until the next buffer modification (that
   * is, only until the next call to a method like `read()`, `write()`,
   * `reset()`, or `truncate()`). If `options.copy` is false the slice aliases the buffer content at
   * least until the next buffer modification, so immediate changes to the
   * slice will affect the result of future reads.
   * @param [options={ copy: true }]
   */
  bytes(options = { copy: true }): Uint8Array {
    if (options.copy === false) return this.#buf.subarray(this.#off);
    return this.#buf.slice(this.#off);
  }

  /** Returns whether the unread portion of the buffer is empty. */
  empty(): boolean {
    return this.#buf.byteLength <= this.#off;
  }

  /** A read only number of bytes of the unread portion of the buffer. */
  get length(): number {
    return this.#buf.byteLength - this.#off;
  }

  /** The read only capacity of the buffer's underlying byte slice, that is,
   * the total space allocated for the buffer's data. */
  get capacity(): number {
    return this.#buf.buffer.byteLength;
  }

  /** Discards all but the first `n` unread bytes from the buffer but
   * continues to use the same allocated storage. It throws if `n` is
   * negative or greater than the length of the buffer. */
  truncate(n: number) {
    if (n === 0) {
      this.reset();
      return;
    }
    if (n < 0 || n > this.length) {
      throw Error("bytes.Buffer: truncation out of range");
    }
    this.#reslice(this.#off + n);
  }

  reset() {
    this.#reslice(0);
    this.#off = 0;
  }

  #tryGrowByReslice(n: number) {
    const l = this.#buf.byteLength;
    if (n <= this.capacity - l) {
      this.#reslice(l + n);
      return l;
    }
    return -1;
  }

  #reslice(len: number) {
    assert(len <= this.#buf.buffer.byteLength);
    this.#buf = new Uint8Array(this.#buf.buffer, 0, len);
  }

  /** Reads the next `p.length` bytes from the buffer or until the buffer is
   * drained. Returns the number of bytes read. If the buffer has no data to
   * return, the return is EOF (`null`). */
  readSync(p: Uint8Array): number | null {
    if (this.empty()) {
      // Buffer is empty, reset to recover space.
      this.reset();
      if (p.byteLength === 0) {
        // this edge case is tested in 'bufferReadEmptyAtEOF' test
        return 0;
      }
      return null;
    }
    const nread = copy(this.#buf.subarray(this.#off), p);
    this.#off += nread;
    return nread;
  }

  /** Reads the next `p.length` bytes from the buffer or until the buffer is
   * drained. Resolves to the number of bytes read. If the buffer has no
   * data to return, resolves to EOF (`null`).
   *
   * NOTE: This methods reads bytes synchronously; it's provided for
   * compatibility with `Reader` interfaces.
   */
  read(p: Uint8Array): Promise<number | null> {
    const rr = this.readSync(p);
    return Promise.resolve(rr);
  }

  writeSync(p: Uint8Array): number {
    const m = this.#grow(p.byteLength);
    return copy(p, this.#buf, m);
  }

  /** NOTE: This methods writes bytes synchronously; it's provided for
   * compatibility with `Writer` interface. */
  write(p: Uint8Array): Promise<number> {
    const n = this.writeSync(p);
    return Promise.resolve(n);
  }

  #grow(n: number) {
    const m = this.length;
    // If buffer is empty, reset to recover space.
    if (m === 0 && this.#off !== 0) {
      this.reset();
    }
    // Fast: Try to grow by means of a reslice.
    const i = this.#tryGrowByReslice(n);
    if (i >= 0) {
      return i;
    }
    const c = this.capacity;
    if (n <= Math.floor(c / 2) - m) {
      // We can slide things down instead of allocating a new
      // ArrayBuffer. We only need m+n <= c to slide, but
      // we instead let capacity get twice as large so we
      // don't spend all our time copying.
      copy(this.#buf.subarray(this.#off), this.#buf);
    } else if (c + n > MAX_SIZE) {
      throw new Error("The buffer cannot be grown beyond the maximum size.");
    } else {
      // Not enough space anywhere, we need to allocate.
      const buf = new Uint8Array(Math.min(2 * c + n, MAX_SIZE));
      copy(this.#buf.subarray(this.#off), buf);
      this.#buf = buf;
    }
    // Restore this.#off and len(this.#buf).
    this.#off = 0;
    this.#reslice(Math.min(m + n, MAX_SIZE));
    return m;
  }

  /** Grows the buffer's capacity, if necessary, to guarantee space for
   * another `n` bytes. After `.grow(n)`, at least `n` bytes can be written to
   * the buffer without another allocation. If `n` is negative, `.grow()` will
   * throw. If the buffer can't grow it will throw an error.
   *
   * Based on Go Lang's
   * {@link https://golang.org/pkg/bytes/#Buffer.Grow | Buffer.Grow}. */
  grow(n: number) {
    if (n < 0) {
      throw Error("Buffer.grow: negative count");
    }
    const m = this.#grow(n);
    this.#reslice(m);
  }

  /** Reads data from `r` until EOF (`null`) and appends it to the buffer,
   * growing the buffer as needed. It resolves to the number of bytes read.
   * If the buffer becomes too large, `.readFrom()` will reject with an error.
   *
   * Based on Go Lang's
   * {@link https://golang.org/pkg/bytes/#Buffer.ReadFrom | Buffer.ReadFrom}. */
  async readFrom(r: Reader): Promise<number> {
    let n = 0;
    const tmp = new Uint8Array(MIN_READ);
    while (true) {
      const shouldGrow = this.capacity - this.length < MIN_READ;
      // read into tmp buffer if there's not enough room
      // otherwise read directly into the internal buffer
      const buf = shouldGrow
        ? tmp
        : new Uint8Array(this.#buf.buffer, this.length);

      const nread = await r.read(buf);
      if (nread === null) {
        return n;
      }

      // write will grow if needed
      if (shouldGrow) this.writeSync(buf.subarray(0, nread));
      else this.#reslice(this.length + nread);

      n += nread;
    }
  }

  /** Reads data from `r` until EOF (`null`) and appends it to the buffer,
   * growing the buffer as needed. It returns the number of bytes read. If the
   * buffer becomes too large, `.readFromSync()` will throw an error.
   *
   * Based on Go Lang's
   * {@link https://golang.org/pkg/bytes/#Buffer.ReadFrom | Buffer.ReadFrom}. */
  readFromSync(r: ReaderSync): number {
    let n = 0;
    const tmp = new Uint8Array(MIN_READ);
    while (true) {
      const shouldGrow = this.capacity - this.length < MIN_READ;
      // read into tmp buffer if there's not enough room
      // otherwise read directly into the internal buffer
      const buf = shouldGrow
        ? tmp
        : new Uint8Array(this.#buf.buffer, this.length);

      const nread = r.readSync(buf);
      if (nread === null) {
        return n;
      }

      // write will grow if needed
      if (shouldGrow) this.writeSync(buf.subarray(0, nread));
      else this.#reslice(this.length + nread);

      n += nread;
    }
  }
}